latex figure position control.

http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/bibliog/latex/floats.html

http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial6.html

solution to viewing chm files.

http://www.taolang.com/surain/post/24.html

解决在windows英文版下打开chm文件出现mk:@msitstore错误
我在安装的windows 2003 英文版下，直接点击打开*.chm文件时提示错误：cannot open mk:@msitstore:x盘:\文件名.chm

解决办法：(chm文件类型与HH.EXE程序关联正常的情况下）到系统控制面板中，把“Regional and Language Options”中的区域设置改为“Chinese(PRC)”即可。

这个解决方法我是在google中搜索到的，但是只能在快照浏览了，原网址已经打不开，所以就干脆放一份在这里。下面的是我结合本文评论内容的整理：

1，chm文件类型与HH.EXE程序关联是否正常；
2，运行 regsvr32 %systemroot%\system32\hhctrl.ocx；
3，到系统控制面板中，把“Regional and Language Options”中的区域设置改为“Chinese(PRC)”，当然，你要先安装了东亚语言支持哦；
4，运行 regsvr32 %windir%\system32\itss.dll，以重新注册此控件。

bibtex usage.

http://mikezhang.com/wp/2006/09/29/natbib-reference/

Reference sheet for natbib usage
(Describing version 7.0b from 2002/02/27)
For a more detailed description of the natbib package, LATEX the source file natbib.dtx.

Overview
The natbib package is a reimplementation of the LATEX \cite command, to work with both author-year and numerical citations. It is compatible with the standard bibliographic style files, such as plain.bst, as well as with those for harvard, apalike, chicago, astron, authordate.

Loading
Load with \usepackage[options]{natbib}. See list of options at the end.

Replacement bibliography styles
I provide three new .bst files to replace the standard LATEX numerical ones:

plainnat.bst abbrvnat.bst unsrtnat.bst

Basic commands
The natbib package has two basic citation commands, \citet and \citep for textual and parenthetical citations, respectively. There also exist the starred versions \citet* and \citep* that print the full author list, and not just the abbreviated one. All of these may take one or two optional arguments to add some text before and after the citation.

\citet{jon90} –> Jones et al. (1990)
\citet[chap. 2]{jon90} –> Jones et al. (1990, chap. 2)
\citep{jon90} –> (Jones et al., 1990)
\citep[chap. 2]{jon90} –> (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
\citep[see][]{jon90} –> (see Jones et al., 1990)
\citep[see][chap. 2]{jon90} –> (see Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
\citet*{jon90} –> Jones, Baker, and Williams (1990)
\citep*{jon90} –> (Jones, Baker, and Williams, 1990)
Multiple citations
Multiple citations may be made by including more than one citation key in the \cite command argument.

\citet{jon90,jam91} –> Jones et al. (1990); James et al. (1991)
\citep{jon90,jam91} –> (Jones et al., 1990; James et al. 1991)
\citep{jon90,jon91} –> (Jones et al., 1990, 1991)
\citep{jon90a,jon90b} –> (Jones et al., 1990a,b)
Numerical mode
These examples are for author-year citation mode. In numerical mode, the results are different.

\citet{jon90} –> Jones et al. [21]
\citet[chap. 2]{jon90} –> Jones et al. [21, chap. 2]
\citep{jon90} –> [21]
\citep[chap. 2]{jon90} –> [21, chap. 2]
\citep[see][]{jon90} –> [see 21]
\citep[see][chap. 2]{jon90} –> [see 21, chap. 2]
\citep{jon90a,jon90b} –> [21, 32]
Suppressed parentheses
As an alternative form of citation, \citealt is the same as \citet but without parentheses. Similarly, \citealp is \citep without parentheses. Multiple references, notes, and the starred variants also exist.

\citealt{jon90} –> Jones et al. 1990
\citealt*{jon90} –> Jones, Baker, and Williams 1990
\citealp{jon90} –> Jones et al., 1990
\citealp*{jon90} –> Jones, Baker, and Williams, 1990
\citealp{jon90,jam91} –> Jones et al., 1990; James et al., 1991
\citealp[pg. 32]{jon90} –> Jones et al., 1990, pg. 32
\citetext{priv. comm.} –> (priv. comm.)
The \citetext command allows arbitrary text to be placed in the current citation parentheses. This may be used in combination with \citealp.

Partial citations
In author-year schemes, it is sometimes desirable to be able to refer to the authors without the year, or vice versa. This is provided with the extra commands

\citeauthor{jon90} –> Jones et al.
\citeauthor*{jon90} –> Jones, Baker, and Williams
\citeyear{jon90} –> 1990
\citeyearpar{jon90} –> (1990)
Forcing upper cased names
If the first author’s name contains a von part, such as “della Robbia'’, then \citet{dRob98} produces “della Robbia (1998)'’, even at the beginning of a sentence. One can force the first letter to be in upper case with the command \Citet instead. Other upper case commands also exist.

when \citet{dRob98} –> della Robbia (1998)
then \Citet{dRob98} –> Della Robbia (1998)
\Citep{dRob98} –> (Della Robbia, 1998)
\Citealt{dRob98} –> Della Robbia 1998
\Citealp{dRob98} –> Della Robbia, 1998
\Citeauthor{dRob98} –> Della Robbia
These commands also exist in starred versions for full author names.

Citation aliasing
Sometimes one wants to refer to a reference with a special designation, rather than by the authors, i.e. as Paper I, Paper II. Such aliases can be defined and used, textual and/or parenthetical with:

\defcitealias{jon90}{Paper I}
\citetalias{jon90} -> Paper I
\citepalias{jon90} -> (Paper I)
These citation commands function much like \citet and \citep: they may take multiple keys in the argument, may contain notes, and are marked as hyperlinks.

Selecting citation style and punctuation
Use the command \bibpunct with one optional and 6 mandatory arguments:

the opening bracket symbol, default = (
the closing bracket symbol, default = )
the punctuation between multiple citations, default = ;
the letter `n’ for numerical style, or `s’ for numerical superscript style, any other letter for author-year, default = author-year;
the punctuation that comes between the author names and the year
the punctuation that comes between years or numbers when common author lists are suppressed (default = ,);
The optional argument is the character preceding a post-note, default is a comma plus space. In redefining this character, one must include a space if one is wanted.

Example 1, \bibpunct{[}{]}{,}{a}{}{;} changes the output of

\citepjon90,jon91,jam92

into [Jones et al. 1990; 1991, James et al. 1992].Example 2, \bibpunct[; ]{(}{)}{,}{a}{}{;} changes the output of

\citep[and references therein]{jon90}

into (Jones et al. 1990; and references therein).

Other formatting options
Redefine \bibsection to the desired sectioning command for introducing the list of references. This is normally \section* or \chapter*.
Define \bibpreamble to be any text that is to be printed after the heading but before the actual list of references.
Define \bibfont to be a font declaration, e.g. to apply to the list of references.
Define \citenumfont to be a font declaration or command like \itshape or \textit.
Redefine \bibnumfmt as a command with an argument to format the numbers in the list of references. The default definition is [#1].
The indentation after the first line of each reference is given by \bibhang; change this with the \setlength command.
The vertical spacing between references is set by \bibsep; change this with the \setlength command.
Automatic indexing of citations
If one wishes to have the citations entered in the .idx indexing file, it is only necessary to issue \citeindextrue at any point in the document. All following \cite commands, of all variations, then insert the corresponding entry to that file. With \citeindexfalse, these entries will no longer be made.

Use with chapterbib package
The natbib package is compatible with the chapterbib package which makes it possible to have several bibliographies in one document.

The package makes use of the \include command, and each \included file has its own bibliography.

The order in which the chapterbib and natbib packages are loaded is unimportant.

The chapterbib package provides an option sectionbib that puts the bibliography in a \section* instead of \chapter*, something that makes sense if there is a bibliography in each chapter. This option will not work when natbib is also loaded; instead, add the option to natbib.

Every \included file must contain its own \bibliography command where the bibliography is to appear. The database files listed as arguments to this command can be different in each file, of course. However, what is not so obvious, is that each file must also contain a \bibliographystyle command, preferably with the same style argument.

Sorting and compressing citations
Do not use the \cite package with natbib; rather use one of the options sort or sort&compress.These also work with author-year citations, making multiple citations appear in their order in the reference list.

Long author list on first citation
Use option longnamesfirst to have first citation automatically give the full list of authors.Suppress this for certain citations with \shortcites{key-list}, given before the first citation.

Local configuration
Any local recoding or definitions can be put in natbib.cfg which is read in after the main package file.

Options that can be added to \usepackage
round: (default) for round parentheses;
square: for square brackets;
curly: for curly braces;
angle: for angle brackets;
colon: (default) to separate multiple citations with colons;
comma: to use commas as separaters;
authoryear: (default) for author-year citations;
numbers: for numerical citations;
super: for superscripted numerical citations, as in Nature;
sort: orders multiple citations into the sequence in which they appear in the list of references;
sort&compress: as sort but in addition multiple numerical citations are compressed if possible (as 3-6, 15);
longnamesfirst: makes the first citation of any reference the equivalent of the starred variant (full author list) and subsequent citations normal (abbreviated list);
sectionbib: redefines \thebibliography to issue \section* instead of \chapter*; valid only for classes with a \chapter command; to be used with the chapterbib package;
nonamebreak: keeps all the authors’ names in a citation on one line; causes overfull hboxes but helps with some hyperref problems.
About this document …
This document was generated using the LaTeX2HTML translator Version 200 2-1 (1.68), © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, Nikos Drakos, Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds, © 1997, 1998, 1999, Ross Moore, Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.

The command line arguments were: latex2html -split 0 -no_navigation -t ‘Natbib reference sheet’ natnote s.tex

Original file: natnotes.tex, © 1993-2002 Patrick W Daly, Max-Planck-Institut fr Aeronomie, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau

The original LATEX file was modified by S. Merkel, Institute for Solid State Physics, Univ. of Tokyo, on 12/26/2002 to be converted to HTML properly.

The resulting HTML file was modified by S. Merkel as well.

cluster command.

rsh node--name.

qstat -f process id.

lame duck

The expression "lame duck" can be heard in almost any American town or city, especially where people discuss politics. Most often, they use it to describe a politician who has come to the end of his power, a congressman, for example, who has a few more weeks in office and will then be out of a job.

There are a number of ideas as to where "lame duck" came from, although the picture is clear enough, a duck that has had its wings clipped or its webbed feet injured, and can no longer walk or waddle like a healthy duck.

The term seems to have crept into the American language some time after the Civil War of 1861-1865. One explanation is that it came from the language of hunters who felt that it was foolish to waste powder or time on a dead duck. And a lame duck, even a sitting duck, is close to being a dead duck.

Another explanation, however, says that the expression came from England. There it was used to describe a man who lost all his money in stocks, was cleaned out and could not pay his debts. He could do nothing but waddle off like a lame duck. And, so the story goes, people showed little mercy for the poor fellow.

But in the United States people took the phrase to describe a congressman who failed to get reelected but still had a little time left in office until his successor was sworn in.

In time, the expression was used in a broader sense, generally describing any man whose days of power were coming to an end. It has often been used to describe the position of an American president in the last two years or so of his second term. It is a difficult time for him, a time when Congress is ready to oppose him at every turn.

It may refuse to work with him simply because his days in the White House are numbered. His sun is setting. It is not a happy time. It is like old age coming on. And people, like animals, are cruel to lame ducks, ready to drive them out. Their eyes are already turned toward the new leader, the new man in command.

注解：
lame　跛脚的
politics　政治
out of a job　无业
wings clipped　被剪掉翅膀
webbed feet　蹼足
waddle　摇摆地走
creep into　爬进;悄悄进入
explanation　解释
powder　弹药
stock　股票
get reelected　获选连任
successor　继任人
be sworn in　宣誓就职
in a broader sense　更广泛的意义
at every turn　老是;常常
days .... are numbered　余日有限
in command　接掌，指挥